Out of 4.4 million people living in northwest Syria, 4.1 million need humanitarian aid. More than 60 per cent are internally displaced people (IDPs). They will soon lose access to desperately needed humanitarian and medical aid, unless the UN cross-border resolution (UNSCR 2585) is renewed by the UN Security Council on 10 July 2022.
Cross-border points remain the only viable humanitarian channels to cover growing needs in northwest Syria. Since 2014, 47.7 million people have received healthcare assistance because of the cross-border channel (OCHA).
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) calls on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to renew the cross-border resolution, which expires on 10 July 2022, for the provision of humanitarian aid through the Bab Al-Hawa crossing point into northwest Syria.
Growing humanitarian needs
In northwest Syria, the economic crisis and COVID-19 have compounded the dire humanitarian situation caused by 11 years of war, with greater numbers of people than ever in desperate need of assistance.
- 4.1 million people in need in northwest Syria
- 3.1 million people need healthcare assistance
- 3.1 million people are food insecure
- 2.8 million internally displaced people (80 per cent women and children)
What is the cross-border resolution?
2014: Violence intensified three years after the start of the conflict
As some areas were isolated, an entry point for humanitarian aid became vital. A cross-border mechanism was established in 2014 to deliver UN-funded humanitarian aid to these areas.
Four crossing points to deliver aid were authorised:
1. Al-Ramtha (Jordan to south Syria)
2. Al-Yarubiyah (Iraq to northeast Syria)
3. Bab Al-Hawa (Turkey to northwest Syria)
4. Bab Al-Salam (Turkey to northwest Syria)
2019: Russia and China vetoed the renewal of the full cross-border resolution
Russia and China vetoed the renewal of the full cross-border resolution, encompassing previously agreed border crossings, removing Al-Yarubiyah and Al-Ramtha from the list of approved humanitarian border crossing points.
2020: Russia and China vetoed again the renewal of the full cross-border resolution
Russia and China vetoed the renewal of the full cross-border resolution, removing Bab Al-Salam from the list of approved humanitarian border crossing points. Since then, Bab Al-Hawa remains the only authorised humanitarian border-crossing point into Syria.
2021: The UN Security Council renewed the resolution for a period of six months
The UN Security Council renewed the resolution for a period of six months, limited to the border crossing at Bab Al-Hawa, with an extension of an additional six months (until 10 July 2022), subject to the issuance of the Secretary General’s substantive report.
To diversify aid channels, crossline operations were introduced in this new resolution to bring humanitarian aid via the route from government-controlled areas into northwest Syria.
2022
By 10 July 2022, the resolution must be submitted to a vote at the UN Security Council.
If the cross-border resolution is not renewed...
Failure to renew the cross-border resolution would drastically disrupt and reduce the delivery of humanitarian and medical aid in northwest Syria and would further aggravate the already precarious humanitarian situation.
Most hospitals and health facilities will lack the medical supplies needed to operate, and patients’ health and lives will be at risk.
Our humanitarian and medical response was made possible through the cross-border resolution that ensures the availability of vital medical aid into the country.
Our teams have been present in Syria since 2011, but since late 2020, we have become increasingly reliant on World Health Organization (WHO) convoys, crossing into northwest Syria through the humanitarian corridor at Bab Al-Hawa, to transport our essential medical aid into the area.
Since 2016, we have shipped 8,418 cubic metres (equivalent of filling nearly 3.5 Olympic-sized swimming pools) of humanitarian aid into northwest Syria, both through humanitarian and commercial channels.
- MSF’s supply in northwest Syria that comes through Bab Al-Hawa crossing, 99%
- Other commercial channels, 1%
To address the medical needs in Idlib and Aleppo governorates, where the healthcare system remains very fragile, MSF supports:
- Seven hospitals, including one specialised burns unit
- Twelve basic healthcare centres, such as clinics and health posts
- Eleven mobile clinics
- Water, sanitation and hygiene needs in 100 camps
- Community-based surveillance for diseases in 40 camps
In 2021, across all of our projects in northwest and northeast Syria, we provided:
1,144,500 outpatient consultations
130,200 routine vaccinations
60,300 families received relief items
43,900 people admitted to hospital
12,200 surgical interventions
18,100 births assisted, including 4,830 caesarean sections
3,450 mental health consultations
Why does Bab Al-Hawa remain the most important cross-border?
Sending aid through the Bab Al-Hawa crossing point remains the fastest, most effective, transparent and least expensive way for humanitarian aid to cross into northwest Syria.
It is difficult for MSF to use other commercial channels because:
- Some medical items, such as vaccines and tuberculosis medications or psychotropic medications, are not always available or subject to challenging custom restrictions.
- Ensuring adequate quality standards, particularly for medical items and drugs inside northwest Syria, is challenging. Some medicines are simply not available in the area.
Funding will decrease, so will the volume of humanitarian aid:
- Most international and local humanitarian groups operating in the northwest of Syria rely on pooled funds channelled through UN mechanisms linked to the cross-border resolution currently in place. If the resolution is not renewed, these groups will have to work on shaky ground and would need a lot of time to readjust to a new reality.
Why can’t crossline replace cross-border?
In 2021, crossline operations were introduced as an alternative mechanism to bring humanitarian aid from government-controlled areas into northwest Syria. As of June 2022, only five crossline humanitarian aid convoys have reached northwest Syria from government-controlled areas.
Cross-border (from Turkey to Syria) | Crossline |
51,717 trucks since July 2014 | 5 convoys (17 trucks) since July 2021 |
2.4 million people reached each month | 40,000 people reached each month |
The crossline mechanism has faced substantial limitations throughout the conflict, including, but not limited to:
- Approval delays and limitations imposed by the Government of Syria
- Lasting disagreements between warring parties on the ground
- Absence of independent monitoring mechanisms
- Lack of acceptance of crossline groups and activities by local communities in areas that are not under government control.
Subsequently, crossline can under no circumstances substitute cross-border operations.
Based on the above, MSF calls on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to renew the cross-border resolution (2585) expiring on 10 July 2022 for the provision of humanitarian aid through Bab Al-Hawa crossing point into northwest Syria.
